Table Of Content
Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receivepositive feedback from the reviewers. The data collected from the research participants, in addition to the pilot samples, were analyzed with Cronbach’s alpha to confirm the internal consistency. The coefficient alpha of all constructs demonstrated high internal consistency, as demonstrated in Table 2. (4) using a framework (theoretical or program) to bind together the data sets (Creswell and Plano Clark 2011, p. 76). There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service.
What is mixed methods research?
Concurrent embedded design is a type of mixed methods research design in which one type of data is embedded within another type of data. This design involves collecting both quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, with one type of data being the primary method and the other type of data being the secondary method. The secondary method is embedded within the primary method, meaning that it is used to provide additional information or to clarify the primary data. By integrating data from both quantitative and qualitative sources, researchers can gain valuable insights into their research topic.
A conceptual framework of learning experience within a gamified online role-play
"It was so realistic. ... This allowed me to talk with the simulated patient naturally ... At first, when we were talking, I was not sure how I should perform … but afterwards I no longer had any doubts and felt like I wanted to explain things to her even more." "Actually, it would be great if this session could be scheduled in the first year … I would feel more comfortable when dealing with my patients through an online platform." According to the role-play scenario, an actress was assigned to portray a 34-year-old female with chief complaints of pain around both ears, accompanied by difficulties in chewing food due to tooth loss. Additionally, it was specified that she could not take a day off from work during this period.
How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design
In Thailand, there is a rapidly increasing population of older persons living with hemodialysis (OPLWH) for whom quality of life and clinical outcomes are their main focus. This study aims to assess the feasibility of an integrated home telehealth model on quality of life and laboratory parameters of OPLWH. Learning content appeared to be an important component of pedagogical aspect, as it would inform what participants should learn from the gamified online role-play. Based on the interview data, participants reported they could learn how to use a video teleconference platform for teledentistry. The conditions of simulated patient embedded in an online role-play also allowed them to realize the advantages of teledentistry.
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The interview was conducted in a private room by a researcher who was trained in conducting qualitative research including interviews. The interview sessions took approximately 45–60 minutes, where all responses from participants were recorded using a digital audio recorder with their permission. The recorded audios were transcribed using a verbatim technique by a transcription service under a confidential agreement. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to determine the eligibility of prospective participants for this research.
Given the limitations of teledentistry compared to face-to-face appointments, areas of training should encompass the telehealth system, online communication, technical issues, confidentiality concerns, and legal compliance18. However, there is currently no educational strategy that effectively demonstrates the importance and application of teledentistry19. A role-play can be considered as a teaching strategy where learners play a role that closely resembles real-life scenarios. A well-organized storytelling allows learner to manage problematic situations, leading to the development of problem-solving skill20,21. When compared to traditional lecture-based learning, learners can also enhance their communication skills through conversations with simulated patients22,23.
Depending on the outcomes of the first research component, the researcher will do something else in the second component. If this is so, the research activities involved are said to be sequential-dependent, and any component preceded by another component should appropriately build on the previous component (see sequential validity legitimation; Johnson and Christensen 2017; Onwuegbuzie and Johnson 2006). (e) Confirm and discover – this entails using qualitative data to generate hypotheses and using quantitative research to test them within a single project.
This is another method of integration where the researcher follows the same theme or idea from one method of data collection to the next. Through this method's flexibility, researchers can gain multiple perspectives and uncover differing or even conflicting results when integrating data. Mixed methods research offers powerful tools for investigating complex processes and systems, such as in health and healthcare. Mixed methods research is often used in the behavioral, health, and social sciences, as it allows for the collection of numerical and non-numerical data. This research was also supported by the Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, for the Health Promotion, Technology and Innovation Research Group.
Explanatory sequential design
According to the research setting (Fig. 1), a learner was asked to participate in the role-play activity using a computer laptop in a soundproof room, while a simulated patient was arranged in a prepared location showing her residential environment. The researcher and instructor also joined the online meeting room and observed the interaction between the simulated patient and learners during the role-play activity whether or not all necessary information was accurately obtained. Rather, we use the concept as a heuristic device to account for the phenomenon of MMR in the social context in which it emerged and diffused. But first, we take stock of the current situation of MMR by focusing on the degree of institutionalization of MMR in the scientific field.
We recommend adding to Teddlie and Tashakkori’s typology a sixth design type, specifically, a “hybrid” design type to include complex combinations of two or more of the other design types. In the case of an analytical point of integration, a first analytical stage of a qualitative component is followed by a second analytical stage, in which the topics identified in the first analytical stage are quantitized. The results of the qualitative component ultimately, and before writing down the results of the analytical phase as a whole, become quantitative; qualitizing also is a possible strategy, which would be the converse of this. (c) Illustration – refers to the use of qualitative data to illustrate quantitative findings, often referred to as putting “meat on the bones” of “dry” quantitative findings.
The authors would like to express our sincere gratitude to participants for their contributions in this research. We would also like to thank the experts who provided their helpful suggestions in the validation process of the data collection tools. "It was a way of training before experiencing real situations … It allowed us to think critically whether or not what we performed with the simulated patients was appropriate." When comparing the self-perceived assessment scores toward confidence and awareness in the use of teledentistry among the three years of study (Year 1–3), there were no statistically significant differences in the pre-assessment, post-assessment score, and score difference (Table 4). Learners were able to interact with the simulated patient using an online meeting room by Cisco WebEx.
The questionnaire was developed based on previous literature regarding gamification and role-play41,42,43,44. Most of the items were designed using a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 being ‘very dissatisfied’ and 5 being ‘very satisfied’. They were grouped into three aspects, which were (1) Perceived usefulness, (2) Perceived ease of use, and (3) Perceived enjoyment. When discussing institutionalization, we have to be careful about what we mean by this term.
The question whether a terminological shift has occurred from “multiple methods” to “mixed methods” must be answered affirmative for this sample. Prior to 2001 most articles (23 out of 31) refer to “multiple methods” or “multi-method” in their title or abstract, while the term “mixed methods” gains traction after 2001. This shift occurs first in journals in nursing studies, with journals in education studies following somewhat later. All the members of Leech’s selection, except for Morse, and the members of Creswell’s selection (except Hunter, Brewer, and Fielding) are represented in the selection based on the entries in the JMMR.Footnote 5 The same holds for two of the three additional authors identified by Creswell.
The researcher may use the qualitative data to clarify unexpected or contradictory results from the quantitative analysis. For example, a researcher who used this research method might collect quantitative data about how satisfied employees are with their jobs at a certain company, followed by qualitative interviews to investigate why job satisfaction levels are low. They could then use the results to explore any conflicting or differing results, allowing them to gain a deeper understanding of job satisfaction at the company.
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